gholamhosein Irajian; hamid Amanlou; Asadollah Teimouri Yansari; hamid reza mirzaie almouti; hormoz mansouri
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 803-818
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of alfalfa hay and corn silage particle size on chewing activity, passage rate of solid fraction in the rumen and performance of pregnant ewes. The experiment has been done using 30 ewes (35±0.4 months) in a completely randomized design with five treatments ...
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This study investigated the effects of alfalfa hay and corn silage particle size on chewing activity, passage rate of solid fraction in the rumen and performance of pregnant ewes. The experiment has been done using 30 ewes (35±0.4 months) in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates during a 30 days period. Forages were including alfalfa hay (three sizes, geometric mean 2.42, 4.91 and 7.04 mm) and corn silage (two sizes, geometric mean 3.36 and 7.73 mm). Treatments including fine particles of alfalfa hay and corn silage had the least physical effectiveness factor (pef > 8) and pef values (pef >8, pef >1.18) were reduced with decrease in particle size (p<0.05). Geometric mean also decreased (p<0.05). Following reduction in particle size of forages, passage rate of solid fraction in the rumen and terminal part of digestive tract (TDT) were increased (p<0.05) and retention time in the rumen, TDT and total retention time were decreased (p<0.05). Feed intake time, chewing activity and total chewing time were not affected (p<0.05). Results showed that it is necessary to consider the appropriate balance between particle size as a representative of the physical and chemical characteristics of the diet. The treatment of alfalfa fine particle size plus corn silage long particle size in most cases showed better results, and it seems that this treatment has provided a more appropriate balance in the diet for feeding ewes. Therefore, in preparing the pregnant ewes’ diet, we can expect better performance by considering the particle size.
Alireza Talebian Masoudi; Mohammad Mahdi Moeini; Manoochehr souri; Hormoz Mansouri; Masume Abdoli
Volume 18, Issue 3 , October 2016, , Pages 399-411
Abstract
The possibility of manufacturing and effects of a slow release non-protein nitrogen product on ruminant nutrition were evaluated in two separate experiments. In first experiment, making of slow release component was followed by connecting branched carbon chain to the molecule of urea to reduce the degree ...
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The possibility of manufacturing and effects of a slow release non-protein nitrogen product on ruminant nutrition were evaluated in two separate experiments. In first experiment, making of slow release component was followed by connecting branched carbon chain to the molecule of urea to reduce the degree of solubility. Then, the sample product was analyzed to assess its chemical structure, and also physical and chemical properties. In second experiment, in an in-vivo study, rumen fermentation characteristics, digestibility of feed, microbial protein production and nitrogen balance of produced compound were evaluated and compared with conventional use of urea and also a diet without non-protein nitrogen source. For this, four rumen fistulated adult sheep were used in change over Latin square experimental design. Infrared and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and physical and chemical properties were considered as indicators of the formation of the desired compound. Our data showed that using the slow release product in the diet reduced the nitrogen concentration and altered the amount and ratio of volatile fatty acids as well as pH values in the rumen. Feed intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and ADF as well as microbial protein production were not affected by the use of slow released product but there were significant differences between diets in relation to the nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen balance (P<0.01). It could be concluded that the slow release product of non-protein nitrogen has the potential to provide urea efficiently and its use in ruminant diets provides safer conditions as compared to the traditional use of urea nitrogen.
Farzad Ghanbari; Taghi Ghoorchi; Parvin Shawrang; Hormoz Mansouri; Nour Mohammad Torbatinejad
Volume 17, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 83-93
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of doses of 25, 50 and 75 kGy of gamma ray (GR) and electron beam (EB) ionizing radiations on ruminal disappearance of amino acids (AAs) and protein subunits of canola meal (CM). The nylon bag technique was used for degradability trial. Three ruminally ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of doses of 25, 50 and 75 kGy of gamma ray (GR) and electron beam (EB) ionizing radiations on ruminal disappearance of amino acids (AAs) and protein subunits of canola meal (CM). The nylon bag technique was used for degradability trial. Three ruminally fistulated Taleshi bulls were used for this aim. The disappearance trends of protein subunits for protein meal samples were determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Irradiation decreased ruminal degradability of AAs (P<0.05). In this case, except for serine, tyrosine and glutamate, the effect of GR in reducing AAs degradability was more than the EB. Electrophoresis analysis identified the presence of cruciferin with four subunits in CM. In unirradiated CM, all four protein subunits of cruciferin were degraded after 8 h of rumen incubation. Doses of 25, 50 and 75 kGy of EB and GR preserved the protein subunits of cruciferin up to 16, 24 and 48 h, respectively. It can be concluded that processing with ionizing radiation of EB and GR decreases ruminal degradation of CM protein subunits of cruciferin and AAs. The effect of GR in reducing ruminal degradation of CM proteins is more than EB.